Different Types of Pipe Fittings and Their Uses

Published: 3 Dec 2025

In this article, we will discuss different types of pipe fittings and their uses, explaining how each fitting functions and where it is commonly applied. Pipe fittings help connect pipes, control flow, and manage pressure, making pipelines safe, efficient, and durable. By understanding the different types of pipe fittings, you can select the right ones for your project and ensure a smooth, leak-free system.

What is a Pipe Fitting?

A pipe fitting is a component that joins, redirects, or regulates the flow of fluids or gases in a piping system. Fittings can connect pipes of different sizes, control the flow, or split it in multiple directions. Choosing the correct pipe fittings is crucial to prevent leaks, maintain pressure, and ensure long-term durability. They are used in homes, industries, irrigation systems, and chemical plants.

Different Types of Pipe Fittings

1. Tee

Tee fittings have three openings arranged in a “T” shape, allowing the flow from one pipe to be divided into two or combining flows from two pipes into one. Equal tees have the same diameter for all openings, while reduced tees feature a smaller branch. Tees are widely used in plumbing, chemical, and HVAC systems.

2. Wye

Wye fittings are “Y”-shaped and allow smooth branching of pipelines at 30° or 45° angles. They reduce turbulence and friction, making them ideal for drainage, wastewater management, and HVAC applications.

3. Cross

Cross fittings connect four pipes at 90-degree angles. They come in equal and reducing sizes. Crosses are commonly used in irrigation, factory piping, and air distribution in HVAC systems.

4. Elbow

Elbows change the direction of a pipeline. Common angles include 45°, 90°, and 180°. Elbows can be threaded, socketed, or welded and are essential in plumbing, construction, chemical plants, and marine applications.

5. Coupling

Couplings connect two pipes in a straight line. Full couplings join pipes of the same diameter, while reducer couplings connect pipes of different diameters. Couplings are used in heating systems, water supply networks, and industrial pipelines.

6. Adapter

Adapters connect pipes of different types or threads, such as male-to-female or compression-to-thread connections. Materials include PVC, stainless steel, brass, and copper. Adapters are common in plumbing, irrigation, and industrial piping.

7. Bushing

Bushings reduce pipe size or connect different pipe threads. They are compact and are often used in retrofitting older pipelines. Steel, brass, and plastic are common materials for bushings.

8. Union

Pipe unions make it easy to join or separate pipes without needing to cut them. They are essential for systems that require frequent maintenance, like valves, pumps, or flowmeters.

9. Nipple

Nipples are short pipes with male threads at both ends. They connect fittings, valves, or hoses and are often used in plumbing, oil, and gas pipelines.

10. Trap

Trap fittings, like P-traps and U-traps, are used under sinks, basins, and bathtubs. They trap water to block sewer gases, preventing odors from entering the building.

11. Flange

Flanges are heavy-duty fittings used to bolt pipes together. They are commonly used in industrial piping, oil and gas pipelines, and high-pressure systems.

12. Cap

Caps cover the end of a pipe, preventing fluids from passing through. They are essential for terminating pipelines or providing temporary stoppages during maintenance. Caps can be made of PVC, metal, or rubber.

13. Plug

Plugs are male fittings inserted at the end of a pipe to close openings. They are ideal when a cap cannot be used and are made to match the pipe’s material and size.

14. Valve

In pipelines, valves are used to manage and control fluid or gas flow. They include ball valves, gate valves, and globe valves. Valves are critical for precise control in plumbing, chemical plants, and industrial piping.

Conclusion

In conclusion, in this article, we covered different types of pipe fittings and their uses in detail. From tees and elbows to valves and flanges, each fitting has a specific role in ensuring efficient and safe pipelines. We hope this guide has helped you understand the purpose and applications of various pipe fittings, making it easier to select the right components for your project.